USB stopped working but works in recovery and bios

For some reason, something went wrong and corrupted my complete USB-controller.

Booting into the BIOS, however, the keyboard and mouse worked fine.
Booting into the recovery USB drive ( see Create installation media) I've tried using dism (to install and reinstall drivers) and forcing safe-mode. Which all gave the same result: no control over the desktop. Other creative ways, but this didn't result in success.

If you have another PC (to create your USB drive), install portableapps on it and